利用2，2，3，3-四氟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯（TM）、苯乙烯（ST）、马来酸酐（MAH）和甲基丙烯酸十八酯（SMA）4种单体，采用溶液聚合法合成一种油溶性稠油降黏剂。通过单因素法对降黏剂的合成条件进行优化，得到最优合成条件为：n（TM）：n（ST）：n（MAH）：n（SMA）=1：3：2：10、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为6 h、单体质量分数为50%、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）质量分数为1.5%。通过红外光谱仪对降黏剂的结构进行表征。通过性能评价发现，当降黏剂质量分数为600 μg/g时，最优降黏效率为70.19%。扫描电镜分析结果发现，降黏剂能与胶质、沥青质作用，破坏原有结构，起到降黏作用。

According to the principle of molecular structure design, an oil-soluble viscosity reducer for heavy oil is synthesized via solution polymerization method with 2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate (TM), styrene (ST), maleic anhydride (MAH) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA) as monomers.Through single factor method, the optimal synthesis conditions are obtained as follows:n(TM):n(ST):n(MAH):n(SMA)=1:3:2:10, reaction temperature is at 70℃, reaction lasts for 6 h, total concentration of monomers is 50% and benzoyl peroxide (initiator) dosage is 1.5%.The structure of viscosity reducer is characterized by infrared spectrometer.It is found through performance evaluation that as the dosage of viscosity reducer is 600 ppm, viscosity reduction efficiency reaches the optimal, 70.19%.It is found by scanning electron microscopy that the synthesized viscosity reducer can interact with colloids and asphaltenes, destroy their original structure and play a role in reducing viscosity.